51³Ô¹ÏÍø

Abstracts of papers to which students on undergraduate courses at the RVC have contributed.

(Undergraduate students’ names in bold)

2017

• Bishop, E., Serlin, R. 
  Dog owner awareness of potential poisons and where they gain
  information on their pets’ health.
  BVNA 2017
• Secondino, C., Carne, H.
  The Registered Veterinary Nurses' perception of the factors affecting quality of like in paraparetic and paraplegic dogs.
  BVNA 2017.  BVNA Winning poster abstract.
• Smith, L., Lumbis, R.H. 
  A Clinical Audit of In-patient Feeding Records in a First Opinion, Small Animal Veterinary Practice.
  BVNA 2017
• Atkinson-Brown, J.
  Investigating the clinical significance of regurgitation in dogs in the anaesthetic period within the Queen Mother Hospital for Animals (QMHA)
  BVNA 2017
• Bryant, C., Lumbis, R.H.
  Nutritional Assessment: The Methods and Prevalence of Use in Canine and Feline Patients Presenting to UK Veterinary Practices.
  21st European Society of Veterinary & Comparative Nutrition Congress 2017
• Wilder, A; Humm, K
  Pet owners' awareness of animal blood banks and their motivations towards animal blood donation.
  EVECCS 2017.
• Gillespie S; Gilbert Z; De Decker S. Treatment of congenital hydrocephalus with oral prednisolone  or ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement.
  BSAVA 2017 
• Pelligand L; Cotter D; Elliott J.
  Early detection of kidney disease in dogs: a comparison of serum SDMA and Creatinine performances versus GFR measured by Iohexol clearance 
  BSAVA 2017
• Martineau, H; Allanson, E; Campbell, E; Crosby, T; Durant, S; Hambling, C; Hindle, J; Hughes, S; Lee, C; Satirovici, A; Tudor, C; Blake, D; Fox, M
  Seasonal variation in Angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the Greater London area
  World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) September 2017, Malaysia
• Preston, J; Lara-Garcia, A; Taylor, A; Drees, R; Davies, O; Rodriguez, I; Byrne, S; Tytro, P; Desmas, I; Carvalho, S; Leo, C; Soyer, C; Stell, S
  A comparison of lymph node measurement techniques in canine lymphoma and use of computed tomography measurements to assess clinical response
  BSAVA 2017
• Messer, A E; Daley, A; Cheng, J; Marston, S B; Connolly, D J Andrew E. Messer: Investigations into the sarcomeric protein and Ca2+-regulation abnormalities underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats. Extended Research Abstract ACVIM congress Washington June 2017  

2016

• Barstow, A; Day, P; Burrows, P; Dash, R; Erde, E; Judd, J; Weller, R; Pfau, T
  Effect of a pour-in synthetic sole dressing on ground surface ex-vivo impact vibrations in the
  equine forelimb  
  BEVA congress 2016
• Bailey, J; Campbell, J; Harris, C; Barstow, A; Weller, R; Pfau, TDoes surface type affect equine foot placement, movement symmetry or hoof 3D acceleration experienced during ridden walk exercise?
  BEVA congress 2016
• Noordwijk, K; Sepulveda-Caviedes, M F; Rhodin, M; Persson Sjödin, E; Pfau, T
  Relationship between head and withers movement asymmetry in racing Thoroughbreds in
  training
  BEVA congress 2016,
• Barber, S; Gregory, S.P. Measurement of activity in dogs during the day and night using an accelerometer
  BVNA Congress Oct 2016, Telford, UK
• Coleman, S; Lumbis, R.H. Evaluating Veterinary Students' and Veterinary Surgeons' confidence in, and use of, nutritional assessment and support.
  BVNA Congress Oct 2016, Telford, UK
  Doyle, E; McBride, D. A study in to the reasons for feline owners volunteering their cat to donate blood and what can influence that decision
  BVNA Congress Oct 2016, Telford, UK
• Olsen, E; Fouche, N; Jordan, H; Pfau, T; Piercy, R
  The effect of blindfolding on spatiotemporal gait characterisics of horses with and
  without spinal ataxia, E. Olsen, N. Fouche, H. Jordan*, T. Pfau, R. Piercy,
  ICEL 2016, London, UK
• Cauchi, D; Price, H; Abdallah, Y; Barstow, A; Dixon J J; Pfau, T; Weller, R
  Effect of hoof packers on 3D hoof deformation and distal phalanx displacement in vitro
  using a novel computed tomography based method,
  ICEL 2016, London, UK
• Campbell, J; Bailey, J; Harris, C; Barstow, A; Weller, R; Pfau, T
  The effect of different bridleway surfaces on foot placement, movement symmetry and
  3D hoof vibrations in ridden trot,
  ICEL 2016, London, UK
• Barstow, A; Day, P; Burrows, P; Dash, R; Erde, E; Rudd, J; Weller, R; Pfau, T
  An ex-vivo comparison of skin and bone mounted distal limb accelerometers to measure
  impact vibrations
  ICEL 2016, London, UK
• Barstow, A; Day, P; Burrows, P; Dash, R; Erde, E; Judd, J; Weller, R; Pfau, T
  Effect of shoeing method on ex-vivo impact vibrations in the equine forelimb
  ICEL 2016, London, UK
• Borgeat, K; Vischer, AS; Hannabuss, J; (Casamian-Sorrosal, D; Olivera, P; Lopez-Alvarez, J; Kavanagh, J; Wray, J; Luis Fuentes, V; Connolly, DJ. T wave inversion in precordial ECG leads as a marker of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in Boxer dogs. ECVIM Congress September 2016
• Spalla, I; Borgeat, K; Pope, A; Luis Fuentes, V; Connolly, DJ. Mitral Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (Mapse) and Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (Tapse) in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.
  ECVIM Congress September 2016    
• Stearman, V; Brodbelt, D. The prevalence and risk factors of post-operative gastrointestinal stasis in rabbits; a retrospective study
  BVNA Congress Oct 2016, Telford, UK
• Swann, JW; Chan, A, Szladovits, B; Glanemann, B. Evaluation of Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Dogs with Non-Regenerative Forms of Immune-Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Dogs with IMHA.
  26th ECVIM congress Sept 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden.  
• Swann, JW; McHale-Owen,H Glanemann, B. Evaluation of Free Magnesium Concentration as a Prognostic Factor for Mortality in Dogs Presented to a Veterinary Emergency Service Free Magnesium Concentration as Prognostic Factor.
  26th ECVIM congress Sept 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden.
• Vercesi, I; Orpet, H. A study investigating the frequency of Schedule 3 procedures performed by registered veterinary nurses in the United Kingdom
  BVNA Congress Oct 2016, Telford, UK

2014

• Staines, KA;  Wood, L; Mainenti, M; Hopkinson, M; Mirczuk, S; Fowkes, RC; Campanella, M; Pitsillides, AA (2014) Mitophagy dysfunction localises to regions of natural osteoarthritis in STR/Ort mice. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 22 S340
• Staines, KA; Parker, S; Poulet, B; Mirczuk, S; Fowkes, RC; Hopkinson, M; Madi, K; Lee, PD; Pitsillides, AA (2014) STR/Ort mice exhibit an inherent endochondral growth defect and redeploy transient chondrocyte behaviours prior to osteoarthritis onset. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 22 S357.
• Javaheri, B., Maric–Mur, I., Hopkinson, M., Pitsillides. AA (2014) Sexual dimorphism in bone shape, rather than mass, is associated with Osteoarthritis in Str/ort mice.BSMB/BRS

2013

• Staines, KA; Parker, S; Poulet, B; Madi, K; Eastwood, DS; Lee, PD; Pitsillides, AA (2013) STR/Ort mice exhibit an endochondral growth deficit which may underpin their osteoarthritis

2012

• Bryars, J; Pfau, T; Unt, V; Weller, R (2012) “Introducing a novel technique to image the skeletal system during motion: Equine distal limb kinematics during locomotion assessed with high-speed fluoroscopy”, IVRA, Bursa, Turkey
• Holroyd, K; Dixon, JJ; Mair, T; Bolas, N; Weller, R (2012) “Using low-field magnetic resonance imaging to determine the relationship between foot conformation and foot lesions in lame horses”, IVRA, Bursa, Turkey
• Preece, D; Weller, R (2012) “Let’s Get Physical”: Advantages of Physical Models over 3-D Computer Models in Learning MRI Anatomy”, IVRA, Bursa, Turkey

2011

• Hamilton, S;  McGonnell, IM; & Volk, HA (2011)  Changes Over Time in Caudal Cranial Fossa Volumes and of Cerebellar Herniation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-Like Malformation ACVIM. Abstract # N-13
• Shaw TA; McGonnell, IM; & Volk, HA (2011) Relationship of Cerebellar Volume to Syringomyelia in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. ACVIM Abstract # N-12
• Bosworth, L; Weekes, J; Weller, R (2011) “Scintigraphic anatomy of the cervical spine “, BEVA, Annual Congress, Liverpool, UK
• Allen, SE; Avella, CS; Weller, R (2011) Intra- and inter-observer agreement of radiographic studies for cervical facet joint osteoarthritis in horses, EVDI, Annual European Conference, London, UK
• Dixon, J; Weller, R; Bolas, N; Mair,T (2011) “Standing low-field magnetic resonance imaging of the foot in 205 horses (2007-2009) and analysis of outcome achieved”, EVDI, Annual European Conference, London, UK
• Smith, L; Davies, E; Gastaldello, A; Thompson, I; Perello, E; Korbonits, M; Campanella, M; Fowkes, R
  Molecular and functional characterisation of an endocannabinoid system inLβT2 gonadotrophs.
  Endocrine Abstracts(2011)25P237
• Gibbs, S; Green, E; Stedman, A; Abayasekara, R; Renshaw, D; Fowkes, R
  Salivary cortisol monitoring in sheep and cows: evidence for acute activation of the hypothalamo--pituitary--adrenal (HPA) axis using two models of stress.
  Endocrine Abstracts(2011)25P113
• Pope, M; Lambertucci-Bonnett, J; McGonnell, I; Fowkes, R; Russell, C
  Consequence of embryonic exposure to 17β-estradiol on brain asymmetry development and neuroendocrine gene expression in Danio rerio
  Endocrine Abstracts(2011)25OC5.6

2010

• Akers, C. Belcher, N. and Weller, R. (2010) “Radiographic anatomy of the thoracolumbar facet joints in the horse”, BEVA, Annual Congress, Birmingham, UK
• Baxter K, Hicks C, Booler H, Menzies-Gow N & Johns I (2010) The normal ocular bacterial and conjunctival flora of horses in the United Kingdom. ACVIM Forum. Abstract Number 385
• Belcher, N., Akers, C. and Weller, R. (2010) “Radiographic Anatomy of the Equine Lumbar Facet Joints” EAVA Annual Conference, Paris, France
• Childs, E. , Salonen, L., Hollands, T., and Verheyen, K.L.P. (2010) The effect of controlled feeding and exercise on the body fat % in warmblood horses, assessed by a standardised scoring system and ultrasound measurement of rump fat. BEVA Congress, Birmingham
• Crosby S (2010) The use of scintigraphy as a quantitative assessment of horses with pelvic fractures,  presented at BEVA
• Fordham, A. & Wildman S. S. P. (2010) ATP signalling in equine digital vessels: an undergraduate veterinary research project. (Association for Veterinary Teaching and Research Work meeting; York).
• Ogden U.T. *& May S.A. (2010) Different concepts of the veterinary role: Implications for veterinary educators. AVTRW, York, U.K.
• Parkes, R. S., Burden, F. and Weller, R. (2010) “The Role of Weather Conditions in the Occurrence of White Line Abscessation in Donkeys in the UK”, BEVA, Annual Congress, Birmingham, UK
• Parkes, R. S., Burden, F. and Weller, R. (2010) “The Role of Weather Conditions in the Occurrence of White Line Abscessation in Donkeys in the UK”, AVTRW, York, UK
• POLLOTT, G. E. AND GALEA, G. (2010). Using standardized data as a means to overcome the limitations of fitting polynomials in a genetic analysis of lifetime ewe weights using random regression. Advances in Animal Bioscienes, p64. British Society of Animal Science:Edinburgh.
• POLLOTT, G. E. AND GALEA, G. (2010). A comparison of six models used to describe ewe growth to maturity. Advances in Animal Bioscienes, p126. British Society of Animal Science:Edinburgh.
• POLLOTT, G. E. AND GALEA, G. (2010). The genetics of growth to maturity in commercial sheep. European Association for Animal Production Annual Meeting, Crete.
• Richardson, S. Miller, D. Winstanley, K. Cariese,S. Mukherjee, A. Antczak, D.F. de Mestre.A.M. (2010). Regulation of chorionic girdle differentiation by TGFBsignallingpathway. Animal Reproduction Science. Ms Richardson was awarded a John Hughes Memorial International Travel award to attend  and present her paper at the International Equine Reproduction Symposium in Kentucky, USA in July 2010
• Smith, A.L., Lowe, J. and Weller R. (2010) “Design and validation of an equine nerve block simulator”, BEVA, Annual Congress, Birmingham, UK
• Smith, A.J., Felstead, C.W., Lawson, J.S. and Weller, R. (2010) An innovative technique for displaying three dimensional radiographic anatomy of synovial structures in the equine distal limb, AVTRW, York, UK
• Smith, A.J., Silva-Fletcher, A. and Weller, R. (2010) “A novel three-dimensional tool for teaching internal anatomy” EAVA Annual Conference, Paris, France
• Thorpe, J. Avella, C. and Weller, R. (2010) Scintigraphic anatomy of the thoracolumbar facet joints in the horse, BEVA, Annual Congress, Birmingham, UK Thorpe, J. Avella, C. and Weller, R. (2010) Scintigraphic anatomy of the thoracolumbar facet joints in the horse, BEVA, Annual Congress, Birmingham, UK
• Warren-Smith C.M.R., Danika, S., Saunders, N., Bouts, T., Hutchinson, J.R., Weller, R. (2010) “Radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) changes observed in feet of captive elephants”, EAVDI, Annual European Conference, Giessen, Germany
• Weller, R., Bouts, T, Danika, S, Ripley, F., Smith, A., Warren-Smith, C.M.R., Parry, A. and Hutchinson, J.R. (2010) “The development of a standard radiography protocol for elephant feet and their radiographic anatomy”, EAVDI, Annual European Conference, Giessen, Germany

2009

• BENNETT, K., BIRD, N., CARPENTER, M., GUBBINS, J., SHANKAR, S., TYNE, L., COLWELL, D., OTRANTO, D., FOX, M.T. (2009) Epidemiology of warble fly in wild deer in Scotland and England. In: Proceeding of the 22nd International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, 9-13 August 2009, Calgary, Canada. p.100
• Claridge, H., Parry, A., Piercy, R. and Weller, R.  (2009) “The 3D anatomy of the cervical articular process joints in the horse: can effusion of these joints cause spinal cord compression?” BEVA, Annual Congress, Birmingham, UK
• Contreras-Sanz, A. Janska, S. Alexander, S. L. H. Lunawat, R. Bishara, S. Khasriya, R. Taylor, K. M. G. Malone-Lee, J. & Wildman S. S. P. (2009) Increased urothelial ATP release from a subset of OAB patients. FASEB23 611.10(Experimental Biology meeting; New Orleans, USA).
• Crawford, C. Sprott, C. Desai, T. Unwin, R. J. Wildman, S. S. & Peppiatt-Wildman C. M. (2009) Pericyte-mediated regulation of vasa recta capillaries in situ. Proc Physiol Soc 15 PC149 (Physiological Society meeting; Dublin).
• Felstead, C., Smith, A.J., Lawson, J. and Weller, R. (2009) “Demonstrating Radiographic Anatomy of the Bovine Digit with a novel 3D technique”, BCVA Annual Conference, Southport
• Fordham, A. Janská, S. E., Crawford, C., Zerpa, H., Berhane, Y., Peppiatt-Wildman, C. M. Knight, G. E. & WildmanS. S. (2009) ATP signalling in equine digital vessels. Proc Physiol Soc 15PC227 (Physiological Society meeting; Dublin).
• Lamata,,C, Loughton, V, Jones, M, Alibhai, H,  Chan, E, Walsh, K, Brodbelt D (2009) Risk of peri-operative regurgitation in a referral hospital population of dogs. World Congress of Veterinary Anaesthesia Glasgow Sept 09
• Parkes, R., Forrest, N., Baillie, S. A  Mixed Reality Simulator for Feline Abdominal Palpation Training in Veterinary Medicine.  Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 17, Long Beach, California, January 2009. Winner of Poster Prize in 'Simulator Design' section
• Smith, M., Pfau, T. Ferrari, M. and Weller, R.  (2009) “A comparison of  Suspensory Ligament Biomechanics in the Front and Hind Limbs of horses”, BEVA, Annual Congress, Birmingham, UK
• Smith, A.J., Felstead, C., Lawson, J. and Weller, R. (2009) “An innovative technique for displaying three dimensional radiographic anatomy of synovial structures in the equine distal limb”, BEVA, Annual Congress, Birmingham, UK
• Sprott, C. Simmons, R. L. Crawford, C. Kennedy-Lydon, T. Unwin, R. J. Wildman, S. S. Peppiatt-WildmanC. M. (2009) ATP-mediated regulation of vasa recta diameter by pericytes in the renal medulla. Proc Physiol Soc 15PC148 (Physiological Society meeting; Dublin).
• Tan, W. Contreras-Sanz, A. Kennedy-Lydon, T. Alexander, S. L. Janska, S. Bishara, S. Lunawat, R. Khasriya, R. Taylor, K. M. Crawford, C. Malone-Lee, J. & WildmanS. S. (2009) Altered urothelial ATP signaling in human Overactive Bladder (OAB) patients. Proc Physiol Soc 15PC183 (Physiological Society meeting; Dublin).
• Gath, C.J., Perkins, J.D., Powell, E., Massey, C., Stanley, R., +Barakzai, S.Z., Piercy, R.J. Objective and subjective histopathological assessment of intrinsic laryngeal adductor and abductor muscles of horses with different grades of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. BEVA congress, Birmingham, 9-12 September 2009
• R.O. Salz, J. Schumacher, L. Livsey, R. Piercy, S. Barakzai, J.D. Perkins (2009) Variability of Resting Endoscopic Grading for Assessment of Laryngeal Function in Horses. Proceedings of 18th Annual Meeting European College of Veterinary Surgeons, Nantes, France.
• Perkins, J.D., Bazley-White, L., Raffetto, J., Pfau, T., Windley, Z., and Cheetham, J., (2009) In Vitro Modelling of the Airflow Dynamics and Two- and Three-dimensional Effects of Normal Prosthetic Laryngoplasty Suture Placement in the Equine Larynx. 4th World Equine Airway Symposium (WEAS), Berne, Switzerland pp230.
• Perkins, J.D., Meighan, H., Troester, S., and Windley, Z., (2009) In-vitro effect of ventriculocordectomy prior to larynoplasty on abduction of the equine arytenoid cartilage. 4th World Equine Airway Symposium (WEAS), Berne, Switzerland pp231.
• Piercy, R., Harris, R., Stanley, R. Powell, E. Perkins, J.D. (2009) Immunohistochemical evidence that recurrent laryngeal neuropathy occurs commonly in ponies 4th World Equine Airway Symposium (WEAS), Berne, Switzerland pp234-235.
• Piercy, R. Gath,C. Stanley, R. Powell, Massey, C., Barakzai, S. Perkins, J.D. Examining the association between resting endoscopic grade of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy and both objective and subjective histopathological assessment of laryngeal intrinsic musculature 4th World Equine Airway Symposium (WEAS), Berne, Switzerland pp233.

2008

• Raffetto J, Thompson C, Weller R, Piercy, R.,Pfau T and Perkins JD, (2008) Three-dimensional biomechanics of simulated laryngeal abduction in horses. Proceeding of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons, Chicago, USA.
• COBB, C., MONGER, J., UPJOHN, M., GEURDEN, T., FOX, M.T. (2008) Epidemiology of canine Giardia infection at Battersea Dogs 51³Ô¹ÏÍø in London. Presented at British Association for Veterinary Parasitology, School of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford. 19 September 2008.
• Maidment, M. and Weller, R. (2008) “Can we teach equine tendon ultrasonography on cadaver limbs?” EAVDI, Annual European Conference, Solvay, Norway
• Roper, I. and Weller, R. (2008) “The relationship between distal displacement of the distal phalanx measured radiographically and severity of solar lesions in bovine claws”, EAVDI, Annual European Conference, Solvay, Norway
• Windley, Z., Weller, R. and Perkins, J.D. (2008) Three-dimensional anatomy of the equine check teeth, Medical Innovations, Vienna, Austria
• Windley, Z., Weller, R., and Perkins, J.D., (2008) Two and Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Enamel, Infundibulae and Pulp of 126 Equine Cheek Teeth: Findings in Abnormal Teeth. 47th BEVA Congress Proceedings, 349-350.
• Penn, K C, Pascoe, R, Perkins, J D., Mair, T.S.A comparison of the short and long term complications of three techniques for exodontias of cheek teeth in 76 horses 47th BEVA Congress Proceedings, 352.
• Al-Musawi S, Lock F, Fowkes RC and Stickland N. Embryonic muscle development in different strains of chickens: role for IGF-I and myogenic transcription factors. Presented at the Endocrine Society meeting (San Francisco), March 2008.
• Baines SJ, Loeffler A, Edwards E, Milsom S, Toleman M, Felmingham D, Lloyd D H (2008) Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus intermediusisolates from dogs and cats to three antiseptics. Oral presentation at the British Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress, Birmingham, April 2008
• Bentley C, Hathaway N, DePascale C, Avella M, Wheeler-Jones C, Botham K, Lawson C. Influence of dietary fats on human monocyte activation in vitro. Oral presentation at the International Symposium on Chylomicrons in Disease, Lake Louise, Canada, March 2008.
• Elson-Riggins J, Midmore F, Taylor A, Gulland F and Aldridge B. Optimization and application of diagnostic tests for otostrongylus circumlitus infection in northern elephant and pacific harbor seals. Presented at the IAAAM (International Association for Aquatic Animal Medicine) conference in Rome, May 10-14, 2008.

2007

• Parkes, R.S.V., Pfau, T. and Weller R. (2007) ”What are the limits of human detection of asymmetry in the motion of equine tuber coxae?” BEVA, Annual Congress, Edinburgh, UK
• Carpenter, M, Tyne, L, Colwell, D, Otranto, D and Fox, M T (2007) Observations on the epidemiology of warble fly in wild red deer in Scotland. Presented at the Ecology and Management of Wildlife Diseases Conference, York, November 2007.
• Taylor, M A, Jones, A, Zimmer, I, Huntley, S, Fox, M T and Roy, S (2007) Forensic parasitology and the enemy release hypothesis for invasive wildlife species. Presented at the Ecology and Management of Wildlife Diseases Conference, York, November 2007.
• Fox, M T, Kluiters, G, Cousquer, G, Hall, M J R, MacLean, C and Wall, R. Epidemiology of blowfly myiasis in domestic rabbits in the UK - a nationwide study. Presented at the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology, Gent, August 2007.

2006

• Meighan H., Troester, S., Tasker A., Perkins J.D. The effect of left vetriculcordectomy on left aryetenoid cartilage abduction following laryngoplasty in an equine cadaver model 45th British Equine Veterinary Association Congress, Birmingham, 2006

2005

• Bennett, C. and Perkins, J.D. A comparison of six different techniques for endoscopic examination of the rostral maxillary and ventral conchal sinuses in 40 equine cadaver heads 44th British Equine Veterinary Association Congress, Harrogate, 2005, pg. 248
• Perkins, J.D., Latchford, V., Winkle, N., Wilson, W. In vitro effect of suture placement and tension in the criciod and aryetenoid cartilages on abduction of the left aryetnoid and respiratory impedance in equine cadaver larynxes 44th British Equine Veterinary Association Congress, Harrogate, 2005, pg. 250